Pakistan could undergo a historic administrative transformation as a proposal to increase the number of provinces from four to 12 comes under consideration. A nationwide referendum may also be held before introducing the proposed 28th Constitutional Amendment.
According to sources familiar with the discussions, the constitutional amendment could be considered during the first half of 2027. Preliminary preparations may begin in the first quarter of next year. However, no final government decision has been announced.
Under the proposed arrangement, Punjab would be divided into four provinces, while Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan would have three provinces each. Sindh would be divided into two, bringing Pakistan’s total to 12.
The proposed referendum would seek public opinion before beginning the constitutional amendment process. Supporters believe smaller provinces could improve governance, strengthen public services and ensure more equitable distribution of development resources.
The plan also aims to bring administrative authorities closer to citizens, particularly in underserved regions. Advocates argue that smaller provincial governments could respond more effectively to local problems.
However, the proposal faces significant constitutional and political challenges. Creating new provinces would require parliamentary approval and constitutional amendments. Changes to existing provincial boundaries would also require a two-thirds majority in the affected provincial assemblies.
The issue has already generated disagreement among political parties, particularly over provincial identity, representation and resource distribution.
Importantly, neither the referendum nor the creation of 12 provinces has been officially approved. Provincial boundaries, administrative structures and implementation timelines remain undecided.
The coming months could determine whether Pakistan proceeds with this major constitutional debate.
