Punjab has implemented strict anti-smog measures, including a ban on most outdoor activities and earlier closing hours for shops, markets, and malls in certain areas, starting Monday. Schools and public spaces such as parks and zoos will remain closed in cities like Lahore, Multan, Faisalabad, and Gujranwala until November 17 due to surging cases of respiratory issues, eye irritation, and conjunctivitis, exacerbated by severe air pollution. Lahore, currently ranked as the world’s most polluted city by IQAir, recorded an air quality index of over 600 on Monday, a decrease from earlier levels as high as 1,900.
Exemptions to the new rules include essential businesses like pharmacies, fuel stations, and food shops, which can operate until 8 pm. Religious gatherings are also permitted. Lahore Deputy Commissioner Syed Musa Raza confirmed that only the grocery and pharmacy sections of major stores can remain open, with penalties for non-compliance enforced under Pakistan’s Penal Code. Wedding events in banquet halls and restaurant dining are permitted within time limits, while the public is urged to stay indoors, limit outdoor activities, use masks, and opt for public transportation.
Air pollution in Punjab is affecting over 11 million young children, according to UNICEF, which has urged more efforts to combat the crisis. The widespread pollution across South Asia each winter is worsened by cold air trapping smoke and dust, with recent reports indicating substantial crop burning and emissions in neighboring India.
In Multan, the daytime AQI reached a hazardous level of 906, making it Pakistan’s most polluted city, followed by Rojhan at 812. Other areas, including Pindi Bhatian and Rawalpindi, also reported high pollution levels. Punjab’s government cited a significant drop in crop burning within Pakistan but highlighted ongoing emissions in India, which it plans to address through diplomatic channels.
The smog has led to multiple road accidents in Rahim Yar Khan, resulting in one fatality and several injuries. Poor visibility has caused road closures, including sections of the M-5 motorway, and travel advisories recommend using fog lights. In Mianwali and nearby areas, visibility has dropped as low as 30 meters. Lahore airport has also been affected, with 14 flights delayed and one cancelled.
In India, New Delhi’s government faces pressure from the Supreme Court to decide by November 25 on a permanent ban on firecrackers, which have worsened air quality following Diwali celebrations.
