A new study has revealed that polar bears are mutating their DNA to adapt to rising temperatures caused by global warming. Published in the journal Mobile DNA, the research focused on polar bears in the North Atlantic and discovered that the animals are exhibiting genetic changes that may help them survive in warmer environments.
Dr. Alice Godden, an environmental scientist at the University of East Anglia and the study’s lead author, explained that the findings offer hope for the species but stressed the importance of continuing to reduce global carbon emissions.
Previous estimates suggested that polar bears could face extinction by 2050 due to rising Arctic temperatures. However, the study indicates that these genetic adaptations could improve their chances of survival.
The research emphasizes that genetics alone will not determine polar bear survival. Other critical factors, such as the availability of food, ice coverage, and breeding opportunities, remain essential. Global warming still poses significant risks, including food scarcity, isolation, and starvation, which could threaten the species despite the genetic adaptations.
Scientists analysed blood samples from polar bears in northeast and southeast Greenland and found higher activity of jumping genes, also known as transposable elements, in bears living in warmer southeastern regions. These genes enable rapid genetic changes, allowing the bears to adjust more effectively to environmental stressors.
Dr. Godden noted that while these adaptations are promising, the long-term survival of polar bears depends on their ability to find sufficient food and suitable mates. If these conditions are met, polar bears may have a better chance of surviving in new and challenging climates brought on by global warming.
The study highlights both the resilience of nature and the urgent need for climate action. While polar bears are showing remarkable adaptability, humans must still work to curb carbon emissions and protect Arctic habitats to ensure the species can thrive in a rapidly changing world.
