With winter weather tightening its grip on Texas and temperatures forecast to remain below freezing for several consecutive days, health officials are urging residents to stay alert to the growing risk of hypothermia. Prolonged exposure to extreme cold can be life-threatening, particularly for people who spend extended time outdoors or lack adequate heating, food, or clothing.
Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it. As cold exposure continues, the body’s stored energy is depleted, causing the core temperature to drop dangerously low. When body temperature falls below normal levels, vital organs — especially the brain — begin to malfunction, making it difficult for the victim to think clearly or move properly.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), certain groups are at a much higher risk of developing hypothermia during freezing conditions. These include older adults who may not have sufficient heating, warm clothing, or regular meals, as well as infants who sleep in cold rooms. People who remain outdoors for long periods, such as those experiencing homelessness, hikers, hunters, or outdoor workers, are also especially vulnerable. Additionally, individuals who consume alcohol or use illicit drugs face increased danger, as these substances impair the body’s ability to regulate temperature and reduce awareness of cold exposure.
As hypothermia progresses, the brain is one of the first organs affected. Victims may become confused, disoriented, and unable to recognize the seriousness of their condition. This is why hypothermia can be particularly dangerous — a person may not realize they are in trouble until it is too late.
Warning Signs in Adults
Early recognition can save lives. Common symptoms of hypothermia in adults include persistent shivering, extreme fatigue, confusion, clumsiness or fumbling hands, memory problems, slurred speech, and unusual drowsiness. As the condition worsens, shivering may stop altogether, signaling a medical emergency.
Signs in Infants
Babies may show different symptoms than adults. Warning signs include bright red, cold skin and very low energy levels. Infants cannot regulate their body temperature effectively, making them particularly susceptible even indoors.
What to Do During Extreme Cold
The CDC strongly recommends avoiding outdoor exposure during extreme cold whenever possible. If you must go outside, wear appropriate cold-weather gear, including a hat, scarf or face covering, gloves, water-resistant boots, and a water-resistant coat. Dressing in several loose-fitting layers helps trap heat more effectively than a single thick garment.
If you suspect someone has hypothermia, act quickly. If their body temperature falls below 95 degrees Fahrenheit, seek medical assistance immediately. Remove any wet clothing and move the person to a warm, dry environment as soon as possible. Wrap them in dry blankets or clothing, covering their head and neck.
Warm beverages can help raise body temperature, but alcohol should never be given. Do not attempt to give food or drinks to someone who is unconscious, as this could cause choking.
In severe cases, a person with hypothermia may appear unconscious and may not seem to be breathing or have a pulse. In such situations, handle the individual gently, call emergency services right away, and begin CPR if trained to do so — even if the person appears lifeless. CPR should continue until professional medical help arrives.
As Texas braces for extended freezing temperatures, staying informed and prepared could mean the difference between life and death. Checking on vulnerable neighbors, limiting outdoor exposure, and recognizing the early signs of hypothermia are critical steps in keeping communities safe during this dangerous cold spell.
