Iranian authorities have signalled a possible intensification of security measures as widespread anti-government protests continue to spread across the country. The demonstrations, described as the largest in years, have entered a more confrontational phase, with growing public anger and increasingly forceful responses from state institutions.
The unrest began on December 28, initially triggered by soaring inflation, rising living costs, and worsening economic hardship. Over time, the protests have evolved beyond economic grievances, with many demonstrators openly demanding an end to clerical rule. Despite strict controls and an ongoing internet blackout, reports suggest the movement has reached cities and towns across Iran.
Security forces issue strong warnings
Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) issued a stern warning on Saturday, blaming the unrest on “terrorists” and vowing to defend the country’s political system at all costs. In a statement, the Guards claimed that armed groups had targeted military and law enforcement facilities over the past two nights, resulting in casualties and property damage.
The IRGC described the protection of the Islamic Republic and its revolutionary achievements as a “red line” and said it would not hesitate to act against those threatening national security. The regular Iranian army also released a statement, saying it stood ready to protect national interests, strategic infrastructure, and public property.
A witness in western Iran told international media that IRGC units had been deployed in his area and had opened fire during clashes. The witness spoke anonymously due to fear of retaliation. Meanwhile, the semi-official Tasnim news agency reported the arrest of 100 “armed rioters” in Baharestan, a town near Tehran.
Rising casualties and mass arrests reported
Human rights organisations paint a grim picture of the situation on the ground. The Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) reported that at least 50 protesters and 15 members of the security forces have been killed so far. Around 2,300 people have reportedly been arrested nationwide.
State media said a municipal building in Karaj, west of Tehran, was set ablaze and blamed “rioters” for the attack. Iranian state television also aired footage of funerals for security personnel allegedly killed during clashes in cities including Shiraz, Qom, and Hamedan.
Medical sources in northwestern Iran reported a surge in injured protesters arriving at hospitals. Many were said to have suffered head injuries, broken limbs, deep cuts, and gunshot wounds. One hospital alone reportedly treated at least 20 people shot with live ammunition, five of whom later died.
The IRGC confirmed the deaths of three Basij paramilitary members in clashes in Gachsaran, southwestern Iran. Additional reports said an officer was stabbed to death in Hamedan, while the son of Brigadier General Nourali Shoushtari was killed in Mashhad. Two more security personnel were reported killed in Shushtar, Khuzestan province.
Calls for revolt and international reactions
Adding to the tension, Reza Pahlavi, the exiled son of Iran’s last shah, issued a video message calling on protesters to expand their actions. Speaking on social media platform X, he urged demonstrators to seize town centres and prepare for a direct challenge to clerical rule. He also claimed he was preparing to return to Iran.
“Our goal is no longer just to come into the streets,” Pahlavi said. “The goal is to seize city centres and hold them.”
International attention has also intensified. U.S. President Donald Trump has repeatedly warned Tehran and expressed concern for protesters’ safety. While stopping short of formally backing any opposition leader, Trump said the situation in Iran was “very dangerous” and hinted at possible support if needed.
Iranian authorities continue to insist that while peaceful economic protests are legitimate, violent actions are unacceptable. Officials have repeatedly accused foreign powers, particularly the United States, of instigating and fuelling the unrest.
As protests persist and security forces harden their stance, the country appears headed toward a prolonged and volatile confrontation, with both sides showing little sign of backing down.
