Chinese researchers have unveiled a groundbreaking new form of computing technology: ultrathin, flexible, and stretchable fibre chips capable of computing and communication, marking a major leap beyond traditional rigid silicon chips.
The innovation, reported in the prestigious journal Nature, involves integrated circuits embedded directly inside fibres thinner than a human hair. These fibre chips can be woven into fabrics or incorporated into advanced devices, opening new possibilities for wearable electronics, medical monitoring, and next-generation human–machine interfaces.
The research team was led by Professor Peng Huisheng of Fudan University in Shanghai, in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences. After nearly a decade of development, the scientists succeeded in integrating processing, memory, and signal-handling components within ultrafine fibres while preserving flexibility and durability.
Despite their tiny size, the fibre chips achieve a transistor density of about 100,000 transistors per centimetre, a level that rivals conventional semiconductor devices.
Unlike earlier attempts at flexible electronics, the circuitry is distributed throughout the fibre’s multilayered internal structure rather than being confined to the surface. This design overcomes key fabrication challenges and allows the fibres to maintain nanometre-level smoothness and structural integrity.
In laboratory tests, the fibre chips demonstrated capabilities for digital and analogue signal processing, as well as neural computing. Remarkably, they can stretch by up to 30%, twist 180 degrees per centimetre, and continue working after more than 100 wash cycles. The fibres also withstand temperatures of up to 100°C and can bear extreme mechanical stress, including supporting the weight of a 15.6-tonne container truck.
The researchers further integrated power supply, sensing, computing, and display functions into a single fibre. This achievement eliminates the need for external chips in smart textiles and signals a future where clothing itself can act as a complete electronic system.
Experts say the development represents a major step toward truly seamless, intelligent fabrics and highlights China’s growing leadership in advanced electronics and chip innovation.
